Cnr, osservata per la prima volta la formazione di Dna ibridi / Cnr, observed for the first time the formation of hybrid DNA
Cnr, osservata per la prima volta la formazione di Dna ibridi / Cnr, observed for the first time the formation of hybrid DNA
Segnalato dal Dott. Giuseppe Cotellessa / Reported by Dr. Giuseppe Cotellessa
“Questi Dna ibridi circolari, battezzati ‘minicircles’, non erano stati mai osservati in precedenza”, prosegue Emanuela Noris del Cnr-Ipsp. “Tali tipi di molecole si generano in poche settimane e possono moltiplicarsi anche in piante di altre specie vegetali. I Dna ibridi derivanti dalla barbabietola diventano quindi potenziali candidati per trasportare materiale genetico ad altre specie di piante”, aggiunge. Tracce di Dna originarie di altre specie, anche assai lontane, sono state identificate in numerosi genomi attraverso studi bioinformatici, “ma finora un evento di trasferimento genico orizzontale tra specie diverse, in questo caso da pianta a virus, non era stato osservato in tempo reale. Questo studio documenta in diretta i passi iniziali di una probabile via di trasferimento orizzontale di Dna cromosomale tra specie vegetali”, conclude Gian Paolo Accotto. La facilità con cui i minicircles possono essere ingegnerizzati potra’ essere sfruttata per scopi di ricerca fondamentale e applicata, ad esempio per comprendere i meccanismi molecolari che controllano la ricombinazione tra Dna di specie diverse, per modulare i sintomi della malattia virale agendo sul silenziamento specifico di geni della pianta, per produrre nelle piante proteine di interesse industriale e farmaceutico (es. anticorpi nelle radici di barbabietola).
ENGLISH
Viruses are potential vectors for horizontal gene transfer, that is, the passage of genetic material between different species, even genetically very distant. From a study on viral infection in beet plants conducted in collaboration between the Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection of the National Research Council (Cnr-Ipsp) of Turin and the University of Cambridge, published in Nature Communications, and The formation of DNA circular hybrids made up of a part of DNA of the host plant and a part of viral DNA was first observed, thus showing the initial phases of horizontal gene transfer between plant species mediated by a virus. "Horizontal gene transfer is now considered of primary importance in the evolution of genomes, especially of bacteria and archaeobacteria, but also of eukaryotes", explains Gian Paolo Accotto director of CNR-IPSP. "Viruses are considered potential inducers of this passage of genetic material from one species to another - continues - as they come into close contact with the host organism cells in which they replicate, are transmitted efficiently between different hosts and their genomes have a strong natural propensity to recombine. One of the most characteristic examples of virus-mediated gene transfer is that of baculoviruses, responsible for the transfer of DNA fragments between different species of insects ". During the study of a viral infection induced by a geminivirus in beet plants, the formation of DNA formed from both the host and viral plant was observed.
"These DNA circular hybrids, baptized 'minicircles', had never been observed before," continues Emanuela Noris of the CNR-IPSP. "These types of molecules are generated in a few weeks and can even multiply in plants of other plant species. The DNA derived from beet hybrids therefore become potential candidates for transporting genetic material to other plant species, "he adds. Traces of DNA originating from other species, even very distant ones, have been identified in numerous genomes through bioinformatics studies, "but so far an event of horizontal gene transfer between different species, in this case from plant to virus, had not been observed in real time . This study documents live the initial steps of a probable way of horizontal transfer of chromosomal DNA between plant species ", concludes Gian Paolo Accotto. The ease with which minicircles can be engineered can be exploited for fundamental and applied research purposes, for example to understand the molecular mechanisms that control the recombination of different species DNA, to modulate the symptoms of viral disease by acting on the specific silencing of plant genes, to produce proteins of industrial and pharmaceutical interest in plants (eg antibodies in beet roots).
Da:
https://www.ildenaro.it/cnr-osservata-la-volta-la-formazione-dna-ibridi/
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