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GENIO Italiano Giuseppe Cotellessa: Ecco le cellule che inibiscono la formazione di gr...

GENIO Italiano Giuseppe Cotellessa: Ecco le cellule che inibiscono la formazione di gr... : Ecco le cellule che inibiscono la formazione di grasso /  Here are the cells that inhibit the formation of fat Segnalato dal Dott. Giu...

Foot Painters' Toes Mapped Like Fingers in the Brain / Le dita dei piedi dei pittori mappate come le dita nel cervello

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Foot Painters' Toes Mapped Like Fingers in the Brain /  Le dita dei piedi dei pittori mappate come le dita nel cervello Segnalato dal Dott. Giuseppe Cotellessa / Reported by Dr. Giuseppe Cotellessa Using your feet like hands can cause organised ‘hand-like’ maps of the toes in the brain, never before  in people, finds a new UCL-led study of two professional foot painters. These findings, published in Cell Reports, demonstrate an extreme example of how the human body map can change in response to experience. “For almost all people, each of our fingers is represented by its own little section of the brain, while there’s no distinction between brain areas for each of our toes,” said the study’s lead author, PhD student Daan Wesselink (UCL Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and University of Oxford). “But in other non-human primate species, who regularly use their toes for dextrous tasks like climbing, both the toes and fingers are specifically represented

Superantigens – The Immune System Meets Microbes / Superantigeni: il sistema immunitario incontra i microbi

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Superantigens – The Immune System Meets Microbes /  Superantigeni: il sistema immunitario incontra i microbi Segnalato dal Dott. Giuseppe Cotellessa / Reported by Dr. Giuseppe Cotellessa Our immune system is fine-tuned to respond to a variety of different antigens, but some pathogens have found a way to hijack the immune system. Several bacterial species, most notably  Staphylococcus aureus  ( S. aureus ) and  Streptococcus pyogenes  ( S. pyogenes ), as well as some  viruses , release  superantigens : a type of toxin capable of over-activating the immune system. There are  at least 25 superantigens  known to date, and some have been linked to severe effects of bacterial infections, such as toxic shock syndrome. Since the 1980s, toxic shock syndrome  is often thought of as a side effect of tampon use, but it can occur after any infection with a superantigen-producing bacterium. Superantigens are also responsible for the development of rheumatic fever and  rheumatic hea

Problems about genetically engineered T cells for cancer immunotherapy / Problemi relativi alle cellule T geneticamente modificate per l'immunoterapia del cancro

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Problems about genetically engineered T cells for cancer immunotherapy /  Problemi relativi alle cellule T geneticamente modificate per l'immunoterapia del cancro Segnalato dal Dott. Giuseppe Cotellessa / Reported by Dr. Giuseppe Cotellessa Immunosuppressive microenvironment in solid tumors.  MDSC myeloid-derived suppressor cell, Treg regulatory T cell, TAM tumor-associated macrophage, TAF tumor-associated fibroblast /   Microambiente immunosoppressivo nei tumori solidi. Cellula soppressore derivata da mieloide MDSC, cellula T regolatrice di Treg, macrofago associato a tumore TAM, fibroblasto associato a tumore TAF Other challenges for engineered T therapy Genetically engineered T cells have benefited patients in the treatment of tumors, but other obstacles  have challenged the application of genetically modified T cells, even in the treatment of hematological malignancies. Failure of CAR-T cell generation Although the total number of CAR-T cells used for in